SELECT 
  category_id 
FROM 
  netting_products_categories 
WHERE 
  product_id = 3031025117 
  AND link_type = 'M'

Query time 0.00021

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "message": "Impossible WHERE noticed after reading const tables"
    }
  }
}